Beyond the Block: Social Network Extralocality and Cognitive Function Among U.S. Older Adults

Objectives Cognitive function is shaped by social network characteristics, but the geographic dispersion of social network ties remains understudied. We examine whether having a greater proportion of network ties residing outside of one’s local area (“network extralocality”) may benefit cognitive function among U.S. older adults. Methods We analyzed nationally representative data from the 2015–2016 National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project ( N = 4,557) in multivariable regression models to examine associations between network extralocality and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores among adults aged 50 and older. Results A full-range difference in network extralocality was significantly associated with a .48-point higher MoCA score after adjusting for covariates. A significant interaction between age and network extralocality revealed stronger associations at older ages. Discussion Social tie proximity may be an overlooked dimension of social life with cognitive implications. Place-based interventions may support independent aging-in-place by facilitating opportunities to form and maintain extralocal ties.