Three-dimensional numerical simulation of ice accretion on rotorcraft blade in hover

Rotorcraft need to have capability to operate in icing conditions. This paper proposes an advanced 3-D numerical simulation framework developed for rotorcraft ice accretion analysis. The methodology validation is performed through comprehensive comparisons with experimental data from standard icing test models. Subsequent numerical simulations conducted on representative rotorcraft configurations including the UH-60 utility helicopter and XV-15 tiltrotor aircraft systematically investigate ice formation characteristics under certain icing conditions. Detailed analyses of ice accretion morphology and critical accumulation regions are presented. These findings provide fundamental insights for optimizing anti-icing strategies and de-icing system designs in rotary-wing aviation applications, thereby establishing a critical technical foundation for enhancing flight safety in cold weather operations.