Serum Calcium Levels in Patients Following Thyroid Surgery: A Review

Introduction: The serum calcium levels are likely to drop following thyroid surgery due to the manipulation of adjacent parathyroid glands, which regulate serum calcium. Hypocalcaemia is a well-recognised complication of thyroidectomy. Severe hypocalcaemia is a morbid complication of thyroidectomy. Methods: A comprehensive review of literature from databases like Google Scholar, PubMed, Medline, and Scopus was conducted to discuss serum calcium levels in patients following thyroid surgery. Results: Following thyroid surgery, low serum calcium is caused by transient or persistent hypoparathyroidism. Postoperative hypocalcaemia results in patient discomfort, prolonged hospital stays, and higher treatment costs. Discussion: Intraoperative monitoring of parathyroid hormone (PTH) is often crucial in thyroid surgery as it gives real-time feedback on the removal of parathyroid glands. The estimation of serum calcium and PTH is advised in patients with risk factors who will undergo thyroid surgery. Conclusion: Postoperative hypocalcaemia usually occurs following extensive thyroid surgery and may need calcium and/or vitamin D supplements to alleviate or prevent the clinical symptoms.