Cutout-based band gap engineering in elastic metamaterials: Modeling and experimental validation for low-frequency vibration isolation

This study presents numerical and experimental evidence that low-frequency flexural band gaps can be effectively engineered through the strategic design of cutout features in periodic structures. Using the finite element method, dispersion relations and corresponding band gaps are computed to analyze the impact of cutout parameters—including shape, size, and location—on wave propagation characteristics. The results reveal that optimal band gap formation occurs when the cutout traverses the center of the unit cell and possesses a high aspect ratio. These findings are experimentally validated using a finite plate composed of a 3 × 3 array of unit cells, confirming the proposed design principles for low-frequency flexural band gap generation.