Trump’s new America and the question of fascism

The United States is undergoing a revolutionary transformation. In this article, we offer a novel and original early analysis of New America (Trump 2.0) as a contemporary political project on a protofascist trajectory. Our analysis contributes to scholarly understanding in multiple different ways. First, it grounds present American warnings about fascism in their specific historical tradition, showing how current alarm over Trump 2.0 continues, rather than departs from, long-standing American anti-fascist discourse. Second, it theorises fascism as revolutionary transformation, distinguishing it from both traditional conservatism and authoritarian populism, and further proposing a framework demonstrating how political projects may escalate towards fascism. This serves both as an analytical tool and as an early-warning system for identifying when democratic backsliding crosses certain critical thresholds. Finally, it provides an account of multiple mechanisms of ‘loyalty’ creation in Trump 2.0 that operate as an active process and are crucial to the project’s complete realisation.