Validation of the care partner stress scale in the CAN-PROTECT study

Abstract Background Family and friend care partners play a vital role in supporting individuals with neurocognitive disorders, such as Alzheimer disease and related dementias. Care partners are often uncompensated and face unique, multifaceted challenges that contribute to overall stress. The Care Partner Stress Scale (CPSS) was developed to assess caregiver stress across seven domains: cognition, behaviour, function; unmet needs and emotional impact; work and financial strain; family and interpersonal conflict; and situational perception. Objective To evaluate psychometric properties of the CPSS in care partners of individuals with neurocognitive or neurodegenerative diseases of aging. Methods The CPSS was completed by 116 (87.1% female, age=62.11 years) care partner participants in CAN-PROTECT. Participants completed measures of depression, anxiety, quality of life, function, loneliness, and life satisfaction and engagement. We assessed internal consistency, item-total correlations, convergent and discriminant validity, and floor/ceiling effects. Results The CPSS demonstrated excellent internal consistency (α=0.96, 95% CI: 0.94-0.97), with all item-total correlations >0.30. Higher scores were associated with greater depression ( b =2.73, 95%CI [0.82, 4.64], p =0.006), anxiety ( b =5.33, 95%CI [2.53, 8.12], p =0.001), and anxious distress ( b =6.93, 95%CI [3.47, 10.40], p =0.001), and lower life satisfaction ( b =-3.20, 95%CI [-5.68, −0.71], p =0.012) and engagement ( b =3.48, 95%CI [1.40, 5.56], p =0.001). CPSS scores were not associated with loneliness ( b =4.40, 95%CI [-0.51, 9.31], p =0.078), self-care ( b =-1.59, 95%CI [-6.80, 3.62], p =0.547), or social relationships ( b =-2.04, 95%CI [-4.59, −0.51], p =0.117). Floor effects were minimal (0.86%), with no ceiling effects. Conclusions The CPSS is a valid instrument for assessing multidimensional stress among care partners of individuals with neurocognitive disorders.