Dynamics of Wakeful EEG Correlated with Serum Lithium Concentration Before and After Treatment of Lithium Carbonate Toxicity: A Case Report and Literature Review

Lithium carbonate is a first-line psychopharmacological agent for the treatment of mood disorders, demonstrating significant therapeutic and prophylactic efficacy in the management and prevention of relapses in bipolar affective disorders characterized by manic and depressive episodes. However, chronic lithium therapy or acute overdose can lead to toxicity, with symptoms predominantly observed in individuals with a psychiatric history. Clinical manifestations of lithium toxicity are primarily neurologic and gastrointestinal. This article presents the diagnosis and treatment of a case of lithium toxicity, incorporating an analysis of the literature on the characteristics of wakeful EEG before and after treatment in relation to serum lithium levels. It was found that EEG, as an adjunctive examination in lithium-induced encephalopathy, serves as a sensitive tool for assessing lithium-related neurotoxicity, facilitating the safe management of manic disorders and other psychiatric conditions treated with lithium carbonate.