Underreporting of needlestick injuries in operating rooms: A literature review and implications for perioperative practice

BACKGROUND: Needlestick injuries remain a persistent occupational hazard for staff working in operating rooms, where sharp instruments are handled under time pressure within complex team environments. A substantial proportion of incidents are not reported, limiting timely post-exposure management and obscuring the true extent of occupational risk. METHODS: This literature review summarised published research on needlestick injuries in operating room settings and explored factors influencing underreporting among perioperative staff. Studies were identified through searches of international and Japanese databases and examined for reporting behaviours and perceived barriers. RESULTS: Across countries and professional groups, recurring themes included low perceived infection risk, cumbersome reporting procedures, concern about disrupting surgical workflow, fear of criticism or blame, and organisational culture. CONCLUSIONS: These findings highlight the need to simplify reporting systems, strengthen safety culture, and encourage peer support to promote safer perioperative practice.