Endoscopic management of acute esophagogastric variceal bleeding: recent advances

Acute esophagogastric variceal bleeding (AEGVB) represents one of the most critical complications encountered in patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis. Endoscopic techniques, characterized by their dual benefits of direct diagnosis and immediate therapeutic intervention, have emerged as the primary modalities for the diagnosis and management of AEGVB. These endoscopic interventions are effective in controlling acute hemorrhage and in reducing or obliterating varices. Recent advancements in endoscopic therapy have increasingly focused on precision and the integration of intelligent technologies. This article aims to review the current status and advancements in endoscopic treatments for AEGVB in the context of liver cirrhosis, assist endoscopists in developing individualized endoscopic intervention strategies for patients with AEGVB, ultimately optimizing therapeutic outcomes and enhancing patient prognosis.