Dietary supplements for Parkinson's disease: State of the science

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the fastest growing neurological condition worldwide with its prevalence set to double by 2050. With no cure in sight, management has turned to lifestyle modification, in particular to diet and exercise. The disease-modifying potential of dietary approaches has been of recent interest, particularly given emerging links between diet and reductions in systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, and alterations in the gut microbiome composition, all of which may modulate neurodegeneration. This review summarises the current 'state of the science' of dietary supplements in modifying disease progression through a lens of the pathophysiological hallmarks of PD. Biomarkers and clinical outcomes that serve as proxy measurements for disease modification are examined, whilst looking ahead at which dietary supplements show the most promise and should be the focus of future research.