Potential Drug Herbal Interaction of the Commonly Used Medicinal Plants in the Management of Nephrolithiasis in Iraq: A Mini-Review

Nephrolithiasis is a prevalent condition characterized by the formation of urinary tract stones, with a high incidence rate worldwide. The recurrent nature of this disease often directs the public to seek alternative therapies, including herbal medicine, due to a common perception of its safety. However, emerging evidence emphasizes the potential for herb–drug interactions, which may pose serious risks to patient health, particularly among elderly individuals and those with chronic diseases. In light of the increasing use of herbal remedies worldwide, this review aims to investigate the potential interactions between conventional drugs and commonly used antiurolithiatic medicinal plants, based on findings from a recent ethnobotanical survey. Seven frequently used medicinal plants in Iraq were identified and reviewed, utilizing data published between 1900 and 2025, with a particular focus on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction mechanisms. This review intends to help healthcare professionals identify and manage potential herb–drug interactions, thereby enhancing patient safety and informed clinical decision-making in nephrolithiasis management.