Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Fritillaria Alkaloids Targeting the NLRP3 Inflammasome

Fritillaria alkaloids are one of the most important bioactive constituents in Fritillaria plants exhibit significant anti-inflammatory effects. Studies suggest that their anti-inflammatory mechanisms may be closely associated with the modulation of the Nucleotide-binding Oligomerization Domain (NOD)-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. This review systematically investigates the structure, composition, activation mechanisms, and role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in inflammatory responses, focusing on elucidating the specific regulatory effects of Fritillaria alkaloids on NLRP3 inflammasome components (eg, IL-1β and IL-18) and related signaling pathways. Furthermore, it reviews recent advances in the anti-inflammatory actions of Fritillaria alkaloids across diverse inflammatory models, emphasizing their NLRP3-dependent mechanisms. Collectively, this review provides a theoretical foundation for elucidating the anti-inflammatory properties of Fritillaria alkaloids and advancing their potential applications in anti-inflammatory drug development.