The Cultural and Medicinal Importance of Tulsi, Rosemary, and Black Seed: A Qualitative Exploration of Public and Herbal Practitioner Perspectives

Introduction Tulsi, rosemary, and black seed are renowned worldwide for their cultural importance and medicinal properties. Originating from various traditions, these plants are now widely used beyond their original sociocultural context globally. This study aimed to explore the perspectives of both the general public and herbal practitioners regarding the cultural and medicinal significance of tulsi, rosemary, and black seed. Contributing to an understanding of how these herbal medicines, have been integrated into healthcare and lifestyle in the UK.MethodsA qualitative exploration using structured detailed interviews were conducted. Open-ended questions explored cultural beliefs, usage patterns, experience and knowledge of different species, and perceived medical benefits. Responses were analysed thematically using NVivo.Results The general population (n=20) and herbal practitioners (n=10) shared detailed knowledge and perceptions on the use and value of tulsi, rosemary, and black seed. The species have a significant cultural and medicinal importance; but, in the UK there are challenges with cultivation. Identifying species was difficult for most participants as they did not know of the different varieties. Herbal practitioners were more concerned about incorrect species, identifying ineffective treatment or potentially harmful effects. They identified the need to standardise and regulate formulations to guarantee consistent potency and effectiveness.Conclusion As the commercial value of medicinal plants rises, so does the risk of species adulteration and substitution, posing significant challenges to the integrity of herbal products. Having an awareness and understanding of different varieties of species is imperative especially when using these plants as herbal medicines.