Current Advances of Dentin Matrix in Endodontics and Alveolar Bone Regeneration: A Narrative Review

Dentin matrix is a natural scaffold derived from complete or partial demineralization of human or animal dentin, capable of releasing growth factors and proteins essential for tissue regeneration and repair. Recent studies have identified the dentin matrix as an exceptional scaffold for the regeneration of dental and osseous tissues, attributed to its excellent biocompatibility, advantageous mechanical properties, and capacity for chemotactic induction. A substantial body of evidence supports its efficacy in promoting the formation of dentin bridges, facilitating the regeneration of the pulp-dentin complex, enhancing de novo bone formation, and mitigating alveolar bone resorption, thereby presenting innovative therapeutic approaches for the reconstruction of oral tissues. This review categorizes dentin matrices based on the degree of demineralization into partially demineralized dentin matrix and completely demineralized dentin matrix. Furthermore, the review consolidates current advancements and outlines future directions for the application of dentin matrix in pulp-dentin complex and alveolar bone regeneration. Despite the ongoing challenges related to the establishment of standardized preparation protocols, the continuous advancements in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine exhibit an advantageous potential for clinical application.