Perspectives on recreational substance use and harm reduction among music festival workers in the United Kingdom: A qualitative study

This qualitative study explored perspectives on recreational substance use and harm-reduction practices among festival workers at UK music festivals. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis: researchers coded responses iteratively, identified patterns, and developed themes through consensus meetings. Drawing on qualitative responses from 21 professionals across medical, welfare, security, safeguarding, and emergency roles, the research reveals the complex realities of managing substance-related incidents in dynamic, high-pressure festival environments. Participants emphasised the pressing need for proactive drug education, on-site drug checking, and interventions tailored to the specific demographics and cultures of individual festivals. A recurring theme was the importance of safe, confidential spaces where attendees feel empowered to seek help without fear of judgement or legal consequences. However, respondents frequently identified visible police presence, environmental stressors, and fragmented interagency communication as significant barriers to effective service provision. Despite these challenges, workers described a strong sense of purpose and camaraderie, underscoring the emotional resilience required in these roles. The findings support the integration of collaborative, non-punitive harm reduction strategies into broader festival planning frameworks. By amplifying the voices of those on the front lines, this research offers practical insights into improving both attendee safety and staff wellbeing, and advocates for a shift towards welfare-first models that acknowledge the realities of drug use and prioritise informed, compassionate responses.