Testis torsion in a non-neoplastic cryptorchid testis of a cat

Case summary: Cryptorchidism is a condition rarely encountered in cats, with a reported prevalence below 3.8%. In the canine species, it is known to predispose for both testicular torsion and neoplasia; therefore, cryptorchidectomy is recommended. Although neoplasia was previously described in feline cryptorchid testes, testicular torsion is a very rare condition in cats. This is the first description of testicular torsion in a non-neoplastic, abdominal testis of a tom cat. A 1-year-old male domestic longhair cat was admitted for elective orchidectomy. Physical examination revealed right unilateral cryptorchidism. The testis could be located within the abdomen upon ultrasonographic examination. Cryptorchidectomy and scrotal orchidectomy of the contralateral testis were performed. The abdominal testis appeared severely discoloured, exhibiting a dark blue coloration, and the spermatic cord was twisted. In contrast, the scrotal testis appeared normal. Surgery and postoperative recovery were uneventful. Histopathological examination of the abdominal testis revealed severe, diffuse congestion with marked interstitial haemorrhage and oedema affecting both the testis and epididymis. Spermatogenesis was arrested at the level of spermatogonia, and Sertoli-cell-only syndrome was observed, findings commonly associated with abdominal cryptorchid testes. Relevance and novel information: The present case shows that testicular torsion is a potential complication of cryptorchidism in cats. Therefore, prevention of torsion may represent an additional indication for cryptorchidectomy, alongside the previously reported increased risk of neoplasia and the common reasons for neutering tomcats, such as population control and reduction of undesirable male behaviour.