A systematic literature review of digital mental health interventions in providing support for children and their families

Background: Children's mental health issues are widespread in the United Kingdom, yet access to traditional services remains limited. Digital mental health interventions (DMHIs) offer a scalable alternative by reducing barriers such as cost, stigma, and location. However, most DMHIs target either children or parents individually, overlooking the potential of combined approaches. Objective: This review assessed the effectiveness of DMHIs that include both parent- and child-delivered components for children aged 12 and under. The review also examined user experiences and compared DMHIs with traditional mental health support services. Methods: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines, searching six electronic databases. Studies were included if they evaluated DMHIs involving both children and parents/guardians, focused on mental health outcomes, and were peer-reviewed. Data extraction and risk-of-bias assessments were performed independently by reviewers. Results: = 630) met inclusion criteria. These showed improvements in child anxiety, social competence, and parental nurturing behaviours. Parents reported positive engagement, citing flexibility and ease of use. However, therapists raised concerns about long-term implementation. Due to study heterogeneity and small sample sizes, a meta-analysis was not feasible; a narrative synthesis was conducted. Conclusions: DMHIs that incorporate both parent and child components are comparatively rare but show promise as a valid means of enhancing child and parent well-being. However, further research is needed to refine these interventions, address barriers to engagement, and optimise their broader application, particularly in community settings, to help reduce the pressure on clinical services.