Empirical Validation of Measurement Scales: AI Capabilities, Cybernetic Thinking, Organizational Ambidexterity, and Employee Wellbeing

In the technological era, changes are happening around the globe at a fast rate. In this regard, healthcare organizations are implementing changes to improve their process. Hence, to manage implemented changes, there is a need to assess AI capabilities, cybernetic thinking (CT), organizational ambidexterity (OA), and employee wellbeing (EWB). However, no validated scale exists specifically to measure the aspects mentioned earlier in the context of healthcare organizations (HCO). Accordingly, our study attempted to validate existing scales of AI capabilities, CT, OA, and EWB in the context of HCO. Besides, to attain this purpose, a pilot study was led on a sample of 150 doctors employed in private sector hospitals in Pakistan, and data were analyzed using CB-SEM. This study confirms the validity and reliability of the refined scale in the context of a Pakistani healthcare setting. From the practical context, healthcare organizations can use the validated scale to assess their capacity towards adopting emerging technologies. These scales can be used to formulate strategies for managing technological change from both organizational and employee perspectives in healthcare settings. In addition, this study offers a multidimensional perspective by integrating diffusion of innovation theory (DOIT) with AI capabilities, EWB, CT, and OA to specify how innovation diffuses across complex systems, such as healthcare settings.