Optimising Architectural Studio Spaces: Applying a Psychological Needs Framework to Enhance Student Well-Being

This study investigates how architectural studio environments influence student well-being through the lens of Self-Determination Theory (SDT). According to SDT, the fulfilment of three core psychological needs, autonomy, competence, and relatedness, is essential for motivation and learning. Using a convergent mixed-methods case study, we examined the lived experiences of undergraduate interior architecture design students at Osmaniye Korkut Ata University (Türkiye). Data were collected through an online survey ( n = 114), classroom observations, and a design exercise in which students reimagined their ideal studio space. Survey results revealed consistent concerns about spatial inflexibility, inadequate lighting and insufficient equipment, which students perceived as undermining their autonomy and competence. Observations confirmed these limitations, while design proposals emphasised flexible layouts, individualised workstations, improved lighting, and informal gathering spaces to foster relatedness and collaboration. By triangulating quantitative and qualitative data, the study demonstrates how deficiencies in current studio design hinder learning outcomes while also identifying strategies to create environments that support psychological well-being. The findings provide evidence-based recommendations for aligning architecture studio design with SDT principles, offering practical guidance for institutions seeking to create learning environments that foster student motivation, engagement, and well-being.