How Can Open Innovation Ecosystems Facilitate Internationalization of Born Global Firms? A Multiple Case Study in China

Innovation approaches are the catalyst for born global firms (BGs) to penetrate international markets. However, it is challenging for resource-constrained BGs to solve resource problems during innovation and rapid internationalization. Open innovation ecosystems (OIE) benefit ecosystem actors by bridging external resources to promote innovation and increasing the chances of successful international expansion. Therefore, this study aims to explore how OIE facilitate the internationalization of BGs. Drawing upon Resource-Based Theory, this study employs a semi-structured interview method to collect data from BGs in China, and utilizes a multiple case study methodology to explore how OIE facilitate the internationalization of BGs. This study finds that OIE function as mutually reinforcing resource connection platforms and joint innovation platforms in the internationalization of BGs. Specifically, as a resource connection platform, the OIE provide international resources and innovation resources to support BGs internationalization. As a joint innovation platform, it facilitates the speed, extent, and scope of BGs internationalization through mechanisms of accelerated innovation, differentiated products, and enhanced technological capabilities. This study introduces a novel research direction within Born Global Theory by addressing the resource and innovation challenges of BGs through the lens of OIE. The findings also extend Open Innovation Theory by validating the role of OIE in fostering innovation specifically within BGs and by revealing its contribution to their internationalization processes. The practical implication of this study lies in providing actionable insights for managers in the internationalization and innovation departments of BGs. OIE facilitates the integration of resources and knowledge to enhance market responsiveness and mitigate the liability of outsidership, while simultaneously accelerating differentiated innovation and enabling technological diversification. These outcomes collectively advance the speed, scope, and extent of BGs’ internationalization.