The Effect of Workplace Health Promotion Programs on Quality of Life in Women Employees: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

BACKGROUND: Workplace health promotion programs are gaining prominence due to their potential to improve the physical and mental health of female employees. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of workplace health promotion programs on general health and quality of life outcomes in working women. METHODS: A systematic search of six databases was conducted for randomized controlled trials published between 2000 and 2025. A total of 20 randomized controlled trials involving 3,962 female employees were included, with 11 studies contributing to the meta-analysis. Interventions varied in type and duration, including physical activity, mindfulness, self-management education, and relaxation techniques. Pooled effect sizes were calculated using a random-effects model (Hedges' g), and subgroup analyses were conducted based on intervention types. RESULTS: Workplace health promotion programs demonstrated a significant positive effect on overall quality of life (SMD = 0.71). Subgroup analyses revealed a moderate and significant improvement in general quality of life, a small-to-moderate but consistent effect on physical health outcomes, and positive yet non-significant effects on psychological and mental health outcomes, which were characterized by substantial heterogeneity. CONCLUSION: Workplace health promotion programs are effective in enhancing health and quality of life among female employees across diverse work settings. Future research should explore long-term outcomes and adapt interventions for specific needs of subgroups of women. APPLICATION TO PRACTICE: Workplace health promotion programs can be integrated into occupational health practice to improve health and quality of life among female employees.