The impact of educational interventions on breast self-examination practice, knowledge, and beliefs among women: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective: Breast self-examination (BSE) enhances self-awareness and may lead to earlier detection and treatment by increasing familiarity with one’s breasts. BSE may facilitate the earlier detection of abnormalities and prompt medical consultation. Educational interventions are significant in promoting BSE practices, strengthening knowledge, and modifying beliefs among women. Methods: This systematic review critically examines the current body of literature to thoroughly analyze the impact of educational interventions on BSE knowledge, beliefs, and practices in women. Studies based on experimental/interventional design, conducted globally on BSE practice, knowledge, and beliefs among women aged above 18 years, were included in this review. Results: A total of 24 studies with 5095 participants were included. The interventions consistently improved women’s knowledge, beliefs, and BSE-related outcomes. Meta-analysis of 10 experimental studies ( n = 2424) showed a significant increase in BSE practice likelihood among intervention participants (OR = 8.30, 95% CI: 4.42–15.57; I 2 = 88%). Conclusion: In conclusion the current systematic literature review demonstrates the efficacy of interventions in enhancing understanding of BSE and promoting practices among women.