Successful repeated ultrasound-guided transvaginal ethanol sclerotherapy for ovarian endometrioma: A case report

Ultrasound-guided transvaginal ethanol sclerotherapy is one of the therapeutic approaches for endometrioma treatment. Similarly, as other treatment options, this method for endometrioma management is associated with risk of endometrioma recurrence. Although some researchers mention reapplication of sclerotherapy in case of the first procedure failure, there are negligible reports on the effects of repeated sclerotherapy. Hence, the purpose of this clinical report is to present a case of a 48-year-old female patient suffering from recurrent ovarian endometrioma who twice underwent this procedure. The patient had a history of ovarian cystectomy, which resulted in a left-sided oophorectomy. Despite hormonal treatment, she still had pain symptoms. The patient underwent ethanol sclerotherapy for endometrioma; however, several weeks after the procedure, recurrence was noticed. Thus, she was qualified for repeated sclerotherapy. During the 5-month follow-up after the second procedure, the patient reported a reduction in pain symptoms, with no evidence of recurrence. Since this case is limited by the short follow-up period, further monitoring of the patient is necessary. Ultrasound-guided ethanol sclerotherapy is, in some cases, associated with endometrioma recurrences. Nevertheless, repeated use of this treatment method can also lead to the achievement of therapeutic goals.