The Complexities of Antiretroviral Treatment Adherence Among Adolescents and Young Adults in South Africa: Insights From a Scoping Review

Globally, the number of adolescents and young adults (AYAs) living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has steadily increased; however, retaining them in antiretroviral treatment (ART) remains a challenge. This scoping review identifies and synthesizes research findings on ART adherence of AYAs living with HIV in South Africa. We conducted electronic searches across various databases and identified 20 peer-reviewed articles. Five key themes that characterize the research on ART adherence among AYAs living with HIV emerged. The themes include balancing healthcare and daily activities, desire for HIV status secrecy, psychosocial implications and knowledge of ART. Availability of support was found to enhance ART adherence. ART adherence barriers included treatment and healthcare-specific challenges requiring adjustments from facilities and AYAs. Enhancing ART adherence requires individuals' knowledge of ART and acceptance of their HIV status. The Healthcare system may need to be flexible to accommodate this group as they navigate between daily activities and ART adherence.