Exploring endothermic and exothermic, bioconvection impacts on sodium alginate based nanofluid flow on a deforming cone

Endothermic/exothermic chemical reaction applications are examined in several technical and scientific domains, most notably heat and mass transmission. The main focus of the bioconvection study is on enhancing mass species and energy, which has significance for the civil, electrical, and mechanical engineering sectors. Due to above mentioned applications, the current study investigates how bioconvection and exothermic/endothermic chemical reactions affect the flow of nanofluids via a horizontal deforming circular cone. Additionally, the current study investigates the steady incompressible Casson nanofluid flow in three dimensions around a horizontal deforming circular cone. The nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) are modified into ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The modified ODEs are resolved by employing the shooting technique and Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg fourth–fifth-order (RKF-45) method. Several useful and related characteristics for connected profiles are represented graphically. Additionally, the engineering factors are also studied. The main conclusions of this investigation indicate that an upsurge in the activation energy constraint causes the temperature profile to improve in the case of an endothermic chemical reaction and to drop in the case of an exothermic chemical reaction. The bioconvection profile reduces with an enhancement in the bioconvection Lewis and Peclet numbers. An improvement in solid volume fraction and the bioconvection Lewis number causes an enhancement in the density number of motile microorganisms. From nanofluid to base fluid changing the values of the porous parameter D a = (1, 2, 3), heat transmission rate is observed from 24.23%, 121.66%, and 32.53%, respectively, in the case of λ 1 * = + 1 and 297.52%, 1041.30%, and 272.86%, respectively, in the case of λ 1 * = − 1 .