A state-of-the-art review of resource supply chain resilience metrics in the mining industry

The supply chain plays a critical role in the resource industry due to its strategic position in the upstream sector of various industries. This importance spans resource optimisation, cost reduction, quality assurance, social responsibility and sustainability. The concept of supply chain resilience emerged around two decades ago, prompting extensive research on assessing and enhancing resilience. Evaluating resilience requires specific performance indicators, which in turn depend on identifying the key elements of a resilient supply chain. Despite this, comprehensive studies on determining these elements within natural resource supply chains are limited. This article conducts a state-of-the-art review to examine resilience performance indicators, with particular focus on the mining industry as a representative case of resource supply chains. By delineating the current boundaries of knowledge, the study identifies seven key factors contributing to supply chain resilience and extracts 40 performance indicators from the literature. Foundational concepts, including natural resource supply chain management, resilience and the main influencing factors, are presented in a systematic hierarchical framework, enhancing both clarity and practical relevance. The identified factors and performance indicators provide a structured foundation for future research and offer managers actionable insights to effectively assess and improve resilience in various resource supply chains.