Exploring the Use of the COMFORT Model for Nurse Communication About Social Determinants of Health

Background: There are few curricula available to teach nursing students in communicating about social determinants of health (SDOH), a key aspect of palliative care. The COMFORT model offers a nurse-focused communication framework; however, it has not been used to teach nurse communication about SDOH. Methods: Undergraduate nursing students ( n = 75) and doctoral nursing students ( n = 33) from two academic sites in the United States completed an online communication module based on the COMFORT model. In this secondary data analysis study, researchers analyzed student-written responses to a family caregiver statement for acknowledgment of SDOH and the use of engagement and exploration communication strategies. Results: Analysis revealed that all students acknowledged at least one social factor, with economic stability (95%) and community, safety, and social context (19%) domains most mentioned. Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate that the COMFORT model develops student communication attitude and skill about SDOH, expanding their capabilities as future primary palliative care providers. The COMFORT model enhanced student ability to identify and discuss SDOH, preparing them for equitable palliative care.