Aortic Stenosis in Women: Contemporary Perspectives and Lifetime Considerations

Multifaceted disparities exist in the natural history of aortic valvular disease (AVD) between men and women. Despite a similar prevalence of aortic stenosis (AS) in both sexes, women face marked disadvantages in time to diagnosis, referral to specialised care, intervention frequency, and survival. Importantly, the pathophysiology of and myocardial compensation for AS in women exhibit distinct features that warrant intentional sex-tailored investigations and haemodynamic stratifications to ensure diagnostic accuracy and optimal timing of intervention. Furthermore, women with AS represent a patient population with unique biological, physiological, and anatomical considerations that render lifetime disease management particularly challenging. Recognising and rigorously investigating these sex-specific differences across the disease course will be essential to advancing evidence-based and patient-tailored clinical practice. Ultimately, implementing a personalised, lifetime approach to AS in women will help bridge the gap in their care and improve long-term outcomes.