Dynamical analysis of electroosmotic transport of bionic gyrotactic microorganisms with graphene oxide blood nanofluid through thermal ciliated channel

Electroosmotic bio-nanofluid transport is an important area of study in biomedical engineering especially in fields like targeted drug delivery and microfluidic devices. Nevertheless, the interactions of non-Newtonian Carreau fluid dynamics, cilia-based transport, electroosmosis, and gyrotactic microorganisms are not fully explored in the literature. The purpose of the current study is to investigate the electroosmotic flow of a graphene oxide based blood nanofluid with gyrotactic microorganisms within a thermal ciliated channel. The nonlinear equations governing are modeled by the Carreau fluid model and solved numerically by using Lobatto IIIa collocation method in computational software Maple. The findings demonstrate that the rise in Eckert number positively affects the temperature profile and the larger the nanoparticle volume fraction, the more favorable thermal distribution and the lower the microorganism density because of a better impact of Brownian motion. In addition, the higher the Peclet number, the greater the transport of microorganisms but the higher the thermophoresis and buoyancy parameters, the more the aggregation and stability of gyrotactic cells. These results indicate that electroosmotic forcing and ciliary movement can be efficiently used to regulate heat movement and distribution of microorganisms in bio-nanofluid systems. The work presents a detailed design of the optimal method to electroosmotic transport in the most advanced biomedical and microfluidic applications.