A nanobody-based degron system for targeted protein knockdown in Dictyostelium discoideum

BACKGROUNDS: The cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum is a widely used model system for studying basic processes in cell and developmental biology. While genetic tools, such as targeted gene disruption by homologous recombination and genome editing using CRISPR/Cas9, are well-established in D. discoideum, efficient methods for conditional loss-of-function studies are limited. Here, we developed a nanobody-based degron system for D. discoideum based on ALFA-tagged protein recruitment to the Skp1-Cullin-F-box (SCF) complex. RESULTS: ALFA-tagged Histone H1 was efficiently degraded by expressing anti-ALFA nanobody (NbALFA) fused to the D. discoideum FbxD F-box domain ('dictyGrad-ALFA'). Cell type-specific targeting was achieved by expressing dictyGrad-ALFA under prestalk- and prespore-specific gene promoters. Furthermore, targeting of adenylyl cyclase A (ACA) resulted in the expected aggregation-deficient phenotype, validating the efficacy of dictyGrad-ALFA-mediated protein depletion. Cell type-specific ACA degradation delayed development but eventually resulted in normal fruiting bodies. Our ALFA-tag approach was further used for conditional knockdown in combination with the auxin-inducible degron 2 (AID2) system, which relies on indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)-dependent binding between NbALFA-mAID and a OsTIR-F-box-Skp1A fusion protein. We obtained efficient IAA-induced degradation in prestalk cells; however, efficiency was low in other cell types. CONCLUSIONS: Together, these systems pave the way for conditional and cell type-specific protein degradation in D. discoideum, enabling functional analyses of genes essential for growth and development.