Graphene oxide enhances root growth and low-temperature tolerance in maize

This study investigates the effects of nanocarbon materials on maize seedling growth under low-temperature stress, aiming to provide innovative technical support for efficient maize production, enhance cold tolerance, and contribute to food security. Graphene oxide (GO), a novel carbon nanomaterial, was utilized to prepare a graphene oxide composite seed-coating agent (GO-SCA), which served as the focal point of this research. Four GO concentration gradients were established, with a commercial seed-coating agent (Con) used as the control. The study evaluated the effects of GO-SCA on the growth of Jade maize seedlings under low-temperature conditions.The results indicated that low temperatures caused oxidative damage to the root and bud tips of germinated maize seeds. The GO-SCA coating increased peroxidase activity in the radicle at 5 °C, limited the accumulation of superoxide anions and hydrogen peroxide in the germ. Notably, the root malondialdehyde content in the 66 g/L treatment (T3) group was significantly lower-by 24.38%-compared to the control group, indicating enhanced root resistance and reduced membrane damage in maize germ and radicle cells.Overall, Within the 44-66 g/L range, GO-SCA effectively alleviates low-temperature stress in maize seedlings, promotes germination and growth, and reduces oxidative stress by regulating antioxidant enzyme activity and antioxidant levels.