Sexual dysfunction among melanoma survivors: a scoping review of current evidence and clinical gaps

Sexual health is a fundamental component of quality of life that is frequently compromised in cancer patients. In melanoma care, these issues remain under addressed despite increasing survivorship. This scoping review aimed to map the current literature on sexual health concerns in melanoma patients. Following PRISMA-ScR guidelines, five databases were searched (2010-2025). Ten studies met the inclusion criteria, including cross-sectional, qualitative, and systematic reviews. Sexual dysfunction affected up to 52% of melanoma patients, with higher prevalence in men (68.9%) than women (41.3%). Contributing factors included visible scarring, hormonal imbalances (e.g., testosterone deficiency in 69% of men receiving immunotherapy), body image concerns, anxiety, and depression. Women were more affected by body image and recurrence anxiety, while men experienced higher rates of treatment-induced hypogonadism. In one cross-sectional study (n = 75), sexual dysfunction was reported in up to 52% of melanoma patients, with higher rates in men (68.9%) than women (41.3%); however, these estimates are based on limited data and should not be generalized.