Perioperative inflammatory cytokines nursing screening test indicate the link between dysregulated lipid metabolism and reduced bone mineral density in obese osteoporosis patients: a retrospective study

PURPOSE: This study aims to investigate the underlying pathophysiological relationship between obesity and osteoporosis (OP) in obese individuals, involving lipid metabolism, inflammation, and bone mineral density (BMD). METHODS: Data from 318 patients diagnosed OP at our hospital between January 2023 to December 2025 were collected and analyzed. The basic information of the patient included gender, age, BMI, drinking and smoking history, diabetes, hypertension and bone mineral density (T-scores) were recorded. Baseline peripheral blood was employed to calculate lipid markers and inflammatory cytokines. Linear regression and mediation analyses were employed to assess the relevance and differences. RESULTS: Increased level of blood lipids and inflammatory cytokines were associated with increased risks of OP in obesity. Compared to normal-weight individuals, obese subjects exhibited significantly lower BMD. Dysregulated lipids (TC, TG, HDL-C, ApoB) negatively correlated with BMD in obesity. Pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8) inversely associated with BMD, while anti-inflammatory IL-10 showed positive association. Hyperlipidemic obese individuals had elevated inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β) and exacerbated BMD loss. Mediation analysis revealed TNF-α mediated 41.91% and IL-6 mediated 33.20% of the TC-BMD association; TNF-α and IL-6 mediated 28.76% and 37.38% of HDL-C-BMD effects, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Obesity-associated dyslipidemia drives BMD loss partly through inflammation-mediated pathways. Key inflammatory cytokines significantly mediate lipid metabolism’s impact on bone health. Targeting lipid-inflammatory crosstalk may optimize OP management in obese populations.