Associations between cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, and glucose index and hyperuricemia in patients with diabetes

BACKGROUND: Hyperuricemia (HUA) is closely linked to glycolipid metabolism disorder. The Cholesterol, High-Density Lipoprotein, and Glucose (CHG) index, an innovative composite glucolipid index, has been suggested as a potential diagnostic indicator for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the associations between CHG and HUA in T2DM patients remain unknown. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the relationship between CHG and the risk of HUA in individuals with diabetes. METHODS: A total of 1908 inpatients with T2DM between 2023 and 2024 were cross-sectionally assessed. The correlation between CHG and the risk of HUA was evaluated with multiple logistic and linear regression model, restricted cubic spline (RCS) method, and subgroup analysis. RESULTS: The prevalence of HUA was 23.43% among diabetic patients in our study. In adjusted logistic regression models, CHG and HUA showed an independent positive connection (OR = 1.77, 95% CI = 1.39, 2.26; P < 0.001). Specifically, the odds of HUA prevalence were 1.03 times greater for patients in the highest quartile of CHG compared to those in the lowest quartile (OR = 2.03, 95% CI = 1.39, 2.97; P for trend < 0.001). This relationship was consistent in adjusted linear regression models. RCS analysis further exhibited a linear correlation between CHG and HUA. Subgroup analyses showed a more significant positive correlation among patients with age < 60 years old, body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m² or 60 ≤ estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 90 mL/min/1.73 m² (P < 0.05 for interaction). Significant interactions were also observed between CHG and HUA in the hypertension and hyperlipidemia subgroups. CONCLUSIONS: There is a clear linear correlation between CHG index and HUA in T2DM patients. The CHG index may be a novel glucolipid index for the potential risk assessment of HUA, although further prospective studies are needed for verification. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.