Healthcare professionals’ perspectives on a population-based lung cancer screening programme in Flanders: a cross-sectional survey study

BACKGROUND: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. In Belgium, this burden is comparable, with high rates of late-stage diagnosis and correspondingly poor outcomes. While low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening has proven to be effective in reducing mortality among high-risk groups, Belgium has not yet implemented a population-based screening programme. The success of such a programme will not solely depend on public uptake, but also on the active support of healthcare providers (HCPs), who are central to its successful implementation. This study explores the perspectives and perceptions of Flemish HCPs towards lung cancer screening. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was distributed to general practitioners, pharmacists, tobacco treatment specialists, and medical specialists in Flanders (Belgium). The questionnaire included items assessing perceptions toward lung cancer screening, perceived benefits and barriers, clinical readiness, and expectations regarding programme implementation. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data, including subgroup analyses based on gender, professional role, and years of experience. RESULTS: A total of 415 HCPs participated in the survey. Overall, 91% considered population-based lung cancer screening important or very important, and 86.3% anticipated a positive impact on the healthcare system. More than 62% reported a high willingness to refer patients once a screening programme is implemented. The most frequently cited barriers to successful implementation included insufficient training (47%), limited staff or resources (37%), and logistical challenges (32%). An exploratory correlation analysis further revealed a significant positive association between perceived healthcare impact and willingness to refer patients. CONCLUSIONS: HCPs in Flanders generally support the implementation of a population-based lung cancer screening programme. However, addressing practical and organisational barriers will be crucial to ensure sustainable engagement. Promoting interprofessional collaboration, strengthening documentation of smoking history, and integrating screening workflows into existing healthcare systems may enhance efficiency and equity. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Not applicable.