Immigrant and refugee experiences in the Utah WIC program: a qualitative study

BACKGROUND: WIC program offers critical nutritional support for low-income families, enrollment and benefit utilization remain suboptimal among eligible immigrant and refugee participants. Understanding the unique challenges they face is essential to improving access, equity, and the effectiveness of WIC services. METHODS: This qualitative study used in-depth interviews to explore the experiences and perceptions of WIC participation among refugee and immigrant families. The study was conducted across communities in Northern Utah and included 25 participants recruited through WIC clinics, community organizations, and social media. Interviews focused on participants' experiences with WIC enrollment, benefit utilization, and their suggestions for program improvement, including issues related to program awareness, navigation challenges, cultural relevance, and recommendations for enhancing access and support. All interviews were transcribed, translated as needed, and analyzed thematically using NVivo 14. RESULTS: Three main themes emerged: i) Enrollment and Awareness: participants primarily enrolled due to financial need, often through personal networks. ii) Challenges in Utilization: language barriers, transportation, WIC card difficulties, and limited culturally appropriate food options were common. iii) Suggestions for Improvement: participants recommended enhanced multilingual support, culturally flexible food choices, stronger outreach, transportation, and improved education on benefit use. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS: Addressing structural and cultural barriers through targeted education, language services, and inclusive support systems and policies can enhance WIC participation and promote equity. Future research should explore the long-term impacts of these efforts and the factors that influence sustained program utilization.