Nanotechnology for reproductive healthcare: a comprehensive review

The advancement of nanotechnology has revolutionized reproductive healthcare worldwide. It has enabled the treatment of various conditions, such as infertility, endometriosis, ectopic pregnancies, erectile dysfunction, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and reproductive tissue cancers. Nanotechnology offers improved imaging, personalized drug administration, and early diagnosis, leading to more accurate treatment outcomes. It can enhance fertility preservation, improve individualized therapy, and improve diagnostic methods. Additionally, nanotechnology-powered drug delivery systems increase effectiveness while reducing side effects. Clinical trials utilizing nanoparticles for cellular treatments, targeted drug delivery, early infection detection, reproductive system malignancies and precise medication delivery are currently underway. Nanotechnology has opened new possibilities in areas such as disease detection, drug administration, diagnostic imaging, and cancer treatment. This review aims to provide an overview of the different types, characteristics, and synthesis methods of nanocarriers designed for medication delivery in the context of reproductive disorders and diseases. It seeks to enhance the understanding of the current state of the art and explore potential future advancements in this field.