Analysis of ovarian cancer burden among reproductive-aged women and its association with the socio-demographic index from 1990 to 2021

OBJECTIVE: This study analyzed the global burden of ovarian cancer in reproductive-aged women (1990–2021) to identify trends, drivers, and project future trends for guiding prevention strategies. METHODS: Using Global Burden of Disease 2021 data, we analyzed ovarian cancer burden and its association with the Socio-demographic Index (SDI). Trends were evaluated using average annual percentage change and Age-Period-Cohort modeling, with projections to 2036 via ARIMA models. RESULTS: In 2021, there were 85,749 new cases and 25,258 deaths globally among reproductive-aged women. The age-standardized rates declined from 1990 to 2021. Projections indicate stable age-standardized incidence and prevalence rates through 2036, but further declines in mortality and DALY rates. Significant regional disparities persist, with the burden decreasing in high-SDI regions but increasing in low- and middle-SDI regions. Disease risk increased after age 35. Successive birth cohorts from the 1990s onward showed a higher baseline risk. Population growth was the primary driver of increasing case numbers. High body mass index (BMI) was the leading risk factor. CONCLUSIONS: While the global burden of ovarian cancer is declining, substantial regional heterogeneity exists. Tailored strategies focusing on high-risk populations and modifiable factors like high BMI are crucial to mitigate the disease's impact and reduce disparities.