Knowledge attitudes and practices on HPV vaccination and cervical cancer among the Pakistani population

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the major cause of cervical cancer, still knowledge, attitudes, and preventive practices against HPV vaccination and cervical cancer it remains inadequate in Pakistan. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) related to HPV and cervical cancer among the Pakistani population. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted from October to December 2024 using a structured, self-administered questionnaire circulated via social media. A total of 2,064 respondents aged above 10 years from various provinces of Pakistan participated. Data were analyzed using R software (version 4.2.2). Descriptive statistics were used to summarize findings, while chi-square tests and binary logistic regression were applied to determine associations. Among participants, 64% were aware of HPV, and 46% knew about the HPV vaccine. However, only 14% reported its availability, and 93% were unvaccinated. Females were significantly more knowledgeable (OR = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.59–0.92, p = 0.006), while males had more positive attitudes (OR = 2.17, 95% CI: 1.63–2.91, p < 0.001). Age, income, and parental education were also significantly associated with KAP. Participants aged 31–40 were more knowledgeable (OR = 2.47, p < 0.001), and those with MPhil-educated fathers showed better practices (OR = 1.97, p = 0.005). Good practices were more common among single individuals (OR = 0.39, p < 0.001). There are significant gaps in HPV-related awareness and behavior in Pakistan. Targeted health education and accessible vaccination programs are urgently needed.