Development and validation of a life skills based school health promotion module for adolescents

Background Adolescence is a critical developmental stage marked by significant physical, emotional, and behavioral changes. Despite the increasing burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and health risk behaviors among adolescents, school-based interventions promoting holistic adolescent health remain limited. This study aimed to develop and validate a culturally sensitive, interactive educational module using a life skills approach to empower adolescents in adopting healthy lifestyles. Methods The study was conducted in three phases. In Phase I, a needs assessment using qualitative Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) was carried out with 58 adolescents (aged 13–15 years) from urban and rural schools in North Karnataka. Phase II involved developing the health promotion module based on themes identified in FGDs and grounded in Social Cognitive Theory. The module included four thematic units: Healthy Diet, Physical Activity, Avoidance of Alcohol & Tobacco, and Holistic Health—delivered through narratives, illustrations, and interactive activities incorporating WHO’s ten core life skills. Phase III comprised content and face validation by eight multidisciplinary experts and target adolescents using structured checklists. Results The module was well-received, having an average Content Validity Index (CVI) of 0.95, demonstrating high relevance, accuracy, and cultural appropriateness. The Face Validity Index (FVI) exceeded 0.8 for all assessed aspects, affirming acceptability and engagement potential. Conclusion The study demonstrates the feasibility of developing a scientifically sound and engaging school-based health promotion module tailored to adolescent needs. This validated module holds promise for fostering lifelong healthy behaviors among adolescents and serves as a replicable model for school health interventions.