Exploring the association between hand grip strength and cardiometabolic health markers in hospitalized adults: a cross-sectional study from Kolkata, India

Abstract Objectives Sarcopenia and hypertension are significant public health concerns, particularly in aging populations. Their coexistence with visceral adiposity and systemic inflammation further increases cardiovascular risk. This study aimed to explore the association between handgrip strength (HGS)—a non-invasive marker of muscular function—and key cardiometabolic indicators including blood pressure, waist-hip ratio (WHR), visceral adiposity, and inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Methods A cross-sectional, hospital-based study was conducted among 458 adult inpatients (aged 18–80 years) in Kolkata. Participants were selected through purposive sampling. Data collection included measurements of HGS (using a dynamometer), anthropometrics, blood pressure, and biochemical parameters. Malnutrition status was monitored with the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 19.0. Results Lower HGS was significantly associated with higher blood pressure, elevated WHR, increased indicators of visceral fat, and elevated levels of CRP and ESR. These findings indicate a link between reduced muscular strength and adverse cardiometabolic profiles. Conclusion Reduced handgrip strength may serve as an early, non-invasive marker for identifying individuals at risk of hypertension and systemic inflammation. Incorporating HGS assessments into routine clinical practice could enhance early detection and support targeted interventions for cardiometabolic health.