An on-board journey from conventional to novel biomarkers for detection and monitoring of Alzheimer’s disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) represents a profoundly debilitating condition that impacts majorly old age individual around the world which has become a traumatic experience for them and their family. The review describes detailed history, statistical data, pervasiveness, role and numerous kinds of biomarkers that are used to detect, assess and treat the neuro-degeneration and cognitive taper off in AD. The review encompasses the role of biological and analytical biomarkers along with their symbiotic effects when used together to detect the early signs of the AD. After an extensive literature review, both conventional and emerging biomarkers has been scrutinized to give an insight into the role and accountability of biomarkers. Attempts have been made for clinical practitioners and researchers to make them aware of various indicators of early identification of AD. The review also analysed the role of various spectroscopic techniques and their combination with artificial intelligence and machine learning. A brief idea of role of sensory organs has also been discussed that how simply our senses can work for early identification of AD, hence increasing the life expectancy of patients. Ultimately, Alzheimer’s disease is an insidious condition that quietly erodes the well-being of millions of families worldwide. The ultimate goal of our collective efforts is to discover an effective therapy capable of delaying, halting, or even preventing its onset and progression.