Natural based Fe3O4@β-CD-MoO3 as an oxidizing catalyst

Pomegranate peels are a rich source of polyphenolic compounds, particularly ellagitannins and gallotannins, which were utilized as natural substrates for the synthesis of a novel catalyst. A magnetic oxidizing material was developed by covalently anchoring β-CD/MoO3 onto a magnetic support derived from pomegranate peels. This catalyst exhibits high efficiency, low toxicity, and magnetic recoverability, making it environmentally friendly and reusable. Its novelty lies in its application in two key organic transformations: the dehydrogenation of 2,3-dihydro-1 H-perimidines and the selective oxidation of pyridines. The composite was thoroughly characterized using FT-IR, XRD, SEM, EDS mapping, TGA, and VSM. The combination of plant-based origin, magnetic properties, and dual catalytic activity highlights the catalyst’s unique contribution to sustainable and green synthetic methodologies.