Global burden and health inequalities of premature coronary artery disease attributed to high fasting plasma glucose/body mass: insights from the Global Burden of Disease study 2021

AIM: This study provided estimates of the burden of premature coronary artery disease (PCAD) attributed to high FPG and BMI by SDI regions and gender from 1990 to 2021, aiming to clarify the long-term patterns of future PCAD. METHODS: We first extracted data from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 study to analyze the number of DALYs, deaths, and ASRs associated with PCAD attributed to high FPG and BMI. The future incidence trend was predicted by the Bayesian age-period-cohort model. RESULTS: In 2021, the global age-standardized DALYs and mortality rate for PCAD attributed to high FPG were approximately 37.7 and 0.744 million per 100,000 population, respectively, with EAPCs of 0.897 and 0.880 from 1990. The PCAD ASRs attributed to high BMI showed a similar trend. SDI-related inequalities across regions have exacerbated over time. Across all years, males were more susceptible to PCAD related to high FPG and BMI than females. Up to 2050, the disease burden associated with high FPG levels is anticipated to maintain an upward trend, with high BMI expected to cause a steeper increase. CONCLUSIONS: PCAD burden attributed to high FPG and BMI is heavily skewed toward lower SDI regions, and is projected to continuously increase until 2050. The rising global burden of PCAD underscores the critical need for targeted public health strategies and policies at multiple levels.