Performance evaluation of SINR in 5G urban macro-cells with variable parameters under different path loss models

This research assesses the performance of Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio (SINR) within urban macro-cells of 5G, comparing two different path loss models—Free-Space Propagation Model (FSPM) and Close-In (CI) model—to evaluate their effects on signal quality and network dependability. Concentrating on densely populated urban areas in Bhubaneswar, India, the study utilizes a hexagonal cell setup with 19 sites to investigate how crucial factors such as antenna height, inter-site distance, and transmission power affect SINR distribution. The simulations demonstrate that the CI model, which accounts for practical propagation effects such as shadowing and multipath fading, offers more accurate SINR predictions than the idealized FSPM. The results suggest that varying antenna heights enhances SINR by diminishing interference. The RSS analysis reveals that the Free-Space model often predicts higher signal strength than actual, whereas the Close-In model yields more precise outcomes for given environments. These findings highlight the necessity of refined deployment strategies and realistic modeling to strike a balance between coverage and performance in urban 5G networks.