Knowledge of reproductive-age women about mother-to-child transmission of HIV and associated factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis

INTRODUCTION: Despite significant efforts to manage and prevent HIV, knowledge gaps persist regarding mother-to-child transmission of HIV among women of reproductive age. Previous studies, limited in scope and producing inconsistent findings, have hindered the development of effective policies and interventions. This study aims to provide updated information on MTCT knowledge among women of reproductive age and identify associated factors globally. METHOD: statistics. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed to examine variation in estimates and the impact of individual studies on the pooled result. Publication bias was evaluated using a funnel plot and Egger's regression test. RESULT: A total of 37 studies meeting the eligibility criteria were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled knowledge of women regarding mother-to-child transmission of HIV was 52% (45%, 59%). Subgroup analysis by study year showed lower knowledge in studies conducted before 2015 compared to those after. Egger's test indicated no publication bias and sensitivity analysis confirmed no single study impact on the pooled estimate. Significant factors associated with knowledge included place of residence, education, wealth status, media exposure, antenatal visits, and HIV testing history. CONCLUSION: Knowledge of mother-to-child transmission of HIV among reproductive-age women globally remains insufficient. Our findings show that urban residence, higher education, wealth status, media exposure, antenatal care visits, and HIV testing are significantly linked to better knowledge. Targeted interventions for rural, uneducated, and socioeconomically disadvantaged women are needed to improve awareness and prevent MTCT of HIV. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42024620895.