Exploring the role of fathers’ preoperative preparation in reducing anxiety and enhancing self-efficacy before pediatric open-heart surgery

INTRODUCTION: Parents of children undergoing cardiac surgery face significant anxiety. This study evaluated a preoperative preparation program for fathers of children (aged 3-7 years) having open-heart surgery. METHODS: In this semi-experimental study, 60 fathers were randomly assigned to an intervention group (n = 30) receiving structured preparation (hospital tours, group counseling, education) or a control group (n = 30) receiving standard care. Anxiety and self-efficacy were measured using the VAS-A and PSAM at three timepoints. RESULTS: Preoperative preparation significantly reduced fathers' anxiety (mean difference: -2.1 points; 95% CI - 3.4 to - 0.8, p = 0.002) and increased self-efficacy (+ 8.7 points, 95% CI 5.2 to 12.1; p < 0.001) compared to controls. These improvements persisted through discharge (p < 0.05). Structured interventions, including education and hospital tours, effectively alleviated paternal distress while enhancing confidence during their child's cardiac surgery. CONCLUSION: Preoperative preparation for fathers, including education about their child's condition and treatment, significantly reduces anxiety and enhances self-efficacy. These interventions alleviate psychological distress and improve coping strategies, demonstrating the value of targeted support for fathers of children undergoing cardiac surgery.