3D-printed textiles as sustainable alternatives to animal skins: Development and application

Abstract This study explores the development and application of 3D-printed textiles as sustainable and ethical alternatives to animal skins in fashion. Using accessible FDM 3D printing technology and materials such as TPU, ABS, and PLA, the research reproduces the visual and tactile qualities of crocodile, snake, and zebra skins. Through iterative modeling, material testing, and garment application, the study evaluates aesthetic fidelity, printability, and wearability. The results demonstrate that 3D printing enables flexible pattern design, material customization, and ethical production without post-processing or high-end equipment. While challenges such as limited print size, adhesion issues, and wearability constraints were identified, practical solutions—such as Z-offset tuning, seam optimization, and fabric integration—were proposed. The study not only presents an alternative to animal-derived leather but also suggests a new design-driven methodology that integrates technology, aesthetics, and sustainability. It offers practical insights for small-scale studios, fashion educators, and sustainable brands, and contributes to academic discourse by shifting focus from functional materials to design-driven applications of 3D printing textile in fashion.