Integrating Income-Indices into life insurance and financial products

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Authors: Josep Lledó, José M. Pavía
Cited by: 2
References: 40

Abstract

Abstract Mortality and life expectancy statistics have profound implications across diverse facets of society, including the financial, economic, and actuarial fields. Mortality is shaped by various factors, with income becoming a particularly critical determinant once age and sex have been accounted for. This paper proposes a new methodology for easily integrating income-related (contextual wealth) differential risks into death probabilities and (general and insured) life tables, showcasing its deep impact on financial and insurance products and risk management. The approach is based on estimating general population Income-Indices, whose estimation is illustrated via an extensive dataset composed of 253 million demographic events of the Spanish population. Employing the Income-Indices-based methodology in a competitive market emerges as a strategic advantage, positioning companies favorably compared with those adhering to conventional pricing methodologies.

Fields of Study & Subjects

Insurance Mortality Demography Risk Management Financial Literacy Pension Retirement Analysis Insurance and Financial Risk Management

Publication details

Journal / source
Financial Innovation
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Volume
12
Issue
1
Publication date
5 March 2026
Language
EN