Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) morphology in jaw deformity patients (class II and III) before and after surgical orthodontic treatment: a narrative review

Understanding changes in temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and ramus morphology in skeletal Class II and Class III jaw deformity patients before and after surgical orthodontic treatment is essential for achieving stable postoperative outcomes. Alterations in the positional relationship and morphology of the condyle, TMJ disc, and glenoid fossa can significantly influence postoperative occlusion and skeletal stability. Previous studies have demonstrated close associations among maxillofacial morphology, occlusion, and TMJ structure.In this narrative review, we summarize findings from our previous investigations regarding changes in TMJ morphology-including disc position, joint space, macroscopic morphology of the condyle and ramus, and computed tomography (CT) values-as well as considerations based on stress analysis in skeletal Class II and Class III deformities. These insights may contribute to a better understanding of anatomical characteristics of the TMJ in jaw deformity patients and may aid in predicting postoperative morphological changes.